Anticipatory note: I'm in the middle of something very complicated in the real world so my head is jammed with stuff. I'm not double checking dates and facts, so a few will likely be off to some degree. I'm writing entirely from memory.
Returning back to the Tzolken calendar for a minute, we have to remember that although its day one is 3114 BC, it was not created on that day, rather it just goes back that far. Again, it cycles through 5 times as it calculates the precession of the equinoxes. This information was necessary because agricultural societies relied heavily on getting their planting and harvesting right. A screw-up could mean the demise of the entire population, and it is probably why we see the more advanced civilizations with complex calendars. Those who didn't have a good calendar were not able to prosper enough to make a mark on history.
Up until the 8th century BC, it appears that a 360 day calendar was being used. It had 12 months of thirty days. Then suddenly and abruptly civilizations all over the world switched to 365 day calendars. I am not one to buy into the 100th monkey theory on astronomy or math issues. There is evidence in the caves of Lascaux that humans were tracking the celestial tapestry 15,000 years ago. So the likelihood the separate and remote peoples suddenly had epiphanies that their fundamental principles were wrong is not logical. In order to effect this change in an almost imperceptible manner is to change the speed at which the earth revolves around the sun from 30.something km/second to 29.something km/s which is what it is now. The possible causes of the earth being slowed in its revolution are endless. It is a significant speed change in one sense, but almost nothing in another sense.
But if we go back a few years to the time when the Tzolken calendar begins, 3114 BC, we also see that this coincides with the general time period 3100-3150 BC and the building of the pyramids, Stonehenge, and the megalith monuments in Malta, and a bunch of other stuff. Recently discovered has been evidence that at some time around 3150 BC, an asteroid, or series of asteroids impacted the earth in the area of the Mediteranean and Middle East.
So without knowing the precise dates of things because scientific dating methods are only good for a general guide, it is quite apparent from history and changes that took place that something significant happened during that time period. Only the 20th century AD had as much progress in civilization.
In December 2005, an amateur astronomer in Finland discovered evidence of a long period comet with an approximate 4000 year orbit. Based on his calculations, there was no evidence that it was on a track with colliding with the earth. But when it did go by, it wreaked havoc in the solar system as it went by. Interestingly enough, the ancient Sumerians and a few other cultures have suggested this through legend. Velikovsky never considered it, but then he got a lot of stuff right as well as wrong. Velikovsky was also a psychiatrist before an astronomer.
Now the legend of Stonehenge has a few problems. First, it predates the Druids and Celts so they had nothing to do with it. The alignments that are suggested are almost in need of forcing. just not quite right. Also, a lot has been moved and missing. Using a 360 day calendar and things start falling into new places.
Human being are two things that define our industriousness: greedy and practical. All of our inventions, be it our culture, our selves or our stuff can be traced directly back to either being for greed or a practical reason. So the appearance of these monuments, or markers around the same time would lend more to being practical than greedy. I'm mean really, if you are concerned about your manhood, you get a red convertible and a dippy actress - you don't build the biggest freaking structure that empties your treasury and makes you use millions of manhours over a long period to accomplish. If on the other hand you are concerned about the survival of your civilization in the face of a recurring catastrophe, you build the most solid structure, a pyramid, and you have a basement beneath to store all your crap. You align your monuments to point in the direction to look for the return of that catastrophe. Kinda .."What the hell was that? And when is it coming back?"
So what if we take these monuments and reconsider them with computer model where we have a 360 day year? Pehaps we will discover that they tell us when and where to look for the return of the "Destroyer." Because if we look back to a period before that, about 7000BC, we find that there is deeper evidence to suggest that the earth was once before smacked as if the red convertible skidded some gravel at us. This would coincide with the legend of Atlantis, as well as the Sphynx having been exposed to water erosion. If I am not mistaken, there appears to be bottlenecks in the DNA pool that can be dated back this far to suggest that there was a period of serious depopulation.
Now looking forward, we can speculate that some time in the next four hundred years, a long period comet will traverse our solar system. We do not know its precise mass, however, it is of sufficient mass that is carries a trail of debris in its wake. As it passes near us, the debris leaves scars on our planet, as well as the other planets. Since objects in the solar system don't follow precise tracts in their orbits, it is always a calculation to narrow down where exactly they are going. Lot's of things affect this, so it depends on where it is on its pass as to how much damage we suffer.
Hollywood movies of late focused on the single planet killer with a bull's eye on earth. This is in fact what happened to Mars. If you look at Mars it appears like an orange with half the peel taken off. Directly opposite this stripped side is a giant crater suggesting that Mars got seriously smacked and it blew the crust off have the planet. The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter is a lot of this.
But that scenario on earth is unlikely. It is possible, and probable at some point but not the most serious of our worries. Most of the really big chunks of rock are stable in their locations and orbits, and it is only a bumper cars situation that would send it our way. Then it is like shooting a missile in motion with a bullet. The chances of hitting are to remote that it is chance that determines the outcome. The smaller the crap, the more likely it will impact the earth, and we see this with meteor showers all the time. We're getting sandblasted continually, but only a few rocks really hit us.
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